Ernest Miller Hemingway (1899 – 1961) was an American writer and journalist. His unique literary style, characterized by concise language and short sentences, greatly influenced 20th-century prose, and several of his books are considered masterpieces today. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 for his book “The Old Man and the Sea,” and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. Hemingway was a hunter, drinker, boxer, fighter, and womanizer. In his lifestyle and rugged writing, he embodied masculinity for his readership. During World War I, Hemingway was an ambulance driver for the Red Cross; he was wounded by a mortar shell in Italy and, despite the injury, managed to evacuate two comrades to safety under heavy fire. For this act, the Italian government awarded him a silver medal. From his books: The Old Man and the Sea (1952), For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940), Islands in the Stream (1970), To Have and Have Not (1937), The Garden of Eden (1986), The Sun Also Rises (1926), A Farewell to Arms (1929), A Moveable Feast (1964).